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Aim To evaluate the flow, pH and calcium release of white MTA (WMTA), salicylate-based resin root canal sealer (Sealapex; SEAL) and SEAL containing 10 (SE10) or 20% (SE20) (w/w) of MTA. Methodology Flow test was realized according to ISO 6876 specification. The sealers samples (n= 10) were placed in polyethylene tubes and immersed in deionized water. After 24 hours and 7, 14, and 28 days, the water pH was determined with a pH meter, and calcium release was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results SEAL and WMTA showed respectively the highest and lowest flow rate when compared with the other materials (P<0.05). SE20 showed the highest pH value only in 24h and 7 days periods (p<0.05). In 14- and 28-days periods, SEAL showed the lowest pH value (p<0.05), but there are no differences between other groups (p>0.05). In all periods, WMTA and SEAL respectively showed the highest and lowest calcium release (p<0.05). Conclusions SE20 proves to be an association with better flow and handling than WMTA, with satisfactory potential for alkalinization and calcium release.
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Mineral medicine is an indispensable part of traditional Chinese medicine and has a long history of application. Among them， mineral-based hemostatics have been widely applied for the treatment of various hemorrhagic diseases with extensive clinical experience and established efficacy. Gypsum Fibrosum （GF）， a commonly used mineral medicine in clinical， can clear away heat， and relieve anxiety and thirst. Gypsum Ustum （GU） is the processed product of GF after calcining at high temperature. It is mainly composed of anhydrous calcium sulfate （CaSO4） with the functions of moisturizing， promoting muscle growth， astringent sores and hemostasis. GU is often used externally to treat ulcer， itching， eczema， water and fire scalds， trauma bleeding， etc. Studies on the mechanism of hemostasis have shown that Ca2+ （coagulation factor Ⅳ） is involved in many key processes of the internal and external coagulation cascades and can prevent bleeding by regulating platelet activation and aggregation， and promoting the production of insoluble fibrin and the ultimate formation of a blood clot. GF and GU both contain Ca2+ which provide an important material basis of hemostatic effect for both compounds， but GU has a significant hemostatic effect， while GF has no hemostatic effect. After processing， the taste and efficacy of the GF have been obviously changed which reflects the characteristics of processing， but the processing mechanism of GU has not been fully clarified. Therefore， based on studies of GF before and after calcining， this paper focused on these aspects including calcining process， crystal form comparison， element content， efficacy comparison， and summarized various aspects of Ca2+ involved in hemostasis. In addition， the hemostatic properties of other calcium-containing mineral medicines and new calcium-containing hemostatic materials such as calcium alginate， mesoporous calcium silicate and nanogel hemostatic materials were also discussed. The paper aimed to provide a reference for elucidating processing mechanism and clinical dialectical use of GU， also to promote development of new calcium-containing hemostatic materials.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with western medication for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of liver-kidney deficiency, and explore the mechanism of moxibustion for RA.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with RA of liver-kidney deficiency were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. In the control group，leflunomide tablets were taken orally, once a day. On the base of the treatment as the control group, moxibustion was applied at Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36) and @*RESULTS@#After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores, HAQ scores and DAS-28 scores were decreased in the two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion combined with western medication can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve quality of life in RA patients, the curative effect is better than simple western medication. And its mechanism may be related to the regulation of serum level of Ca
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Kidney , Liver , Moxibustion , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
To research the auditory nerve transduction effects under multi-wavelength pulsed laser stimulations within a safe and acceptable signal range. The real-time detection of intracellular calcium concentration was adopted by specific fluorescent indicator staining based on calcium imager. The spiral ganglion cells of mice were cultured in vitro. After fluorescent indicating, morphologic observation under optical microscope, Fura-2 calcium ion fluorescence excitation, intact morphology cells selection, fixing the optical fiber, the spiral ganglion cells were irradiated by different wavelength laser, including visible light (450 nm) and near infrared light (808 nm,1 065 nm). The intracellular calcium concentration was monitored by calcium ion imaging. When 450 nm laser stimulated spiral ganglion cells, the intracellular calcium concentration was strongly increased, however, for other wavelength laser stimulation, there was no obvious relative response. And the sensitivity expression of the nerve cells under laser was related with the location of laser fiber. Cells closer to the fiber produced more obvious changes in calcium ion concentration, while for cells farther away from the fiber, the change amplitudes were weaker although the number of changes in calcium ion concentration was consistent. The spiral ganglion cells of mice can induce a signal transduction response under the action of laser, and the response has laser wavelength selectivity.
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BACKGROUND: When regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is used in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), one of the key aspects to achieve safe and effective extracorporeal circulation is the management of calcium ions. For calcium-free RCA-CRRT, there are generally two ways to do this: The deep vein and the venous line. The anticoagulant effects of different calcium supplementation pathways have not yet been explored. OBJECTIVE: In this trial, we would test our hypothesis that compared with the subclavian vein, when calcium was infused through the venous line of blood filter catheter, the arterial iCa2+ was lower. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center, randomized crossover trial. From December 2018 to December 2019, 48 patients with RCA-CRRT at the Department of Intensive Care Unit of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were selected. According to the different calcium sites, the patients were randomly divided into two groups. The calcium supplementation order of group A (n=24) was the venous line of the blood filter catheter-subclavian vein. Group B (n=24) was supplemented with subclavian vein-the venous line. Blood gas analysis results were compared using blood gas analyzers before and after replacement of the calcium supplementation route in all cases. The primary measurement outcome was the differences between arterial iCa2+ and post-filtration iCa2+ with different calcium supplementation pathways, and the simultaneous recording of pH, K+, and total hemoglobin. The secondary measurement outcomes were the incidences of catheter dysfunction and hypocalcemia during the intervention. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University (approval No. LDYYLL2018-165) in December 2018. The study was registered on the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (ChiCTRI 800020046) in December 2018. Sample and data collection time is from December 2018 to November 2019, data analysis time and test completion time is December 2019. DISCUSSION: This is the first trial on the anticoagulant effects of calcium-free RCA-CRRT through different calcium supplement routes. We will confirm that the arterial iCa2+ level is slightly lower when calcium is infused in the venous line of blood filter catheter than in the subclavian vein, and the incidence rates of catheter dysfunction and hypocalcemia will help us to determine which site is safer.
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BACKGROUND: Opioids can regulate the changes of membrane potential and Ca2+ current in cardiomyocytes, but whether diacetylmorphine can induce the changes of cardiac rhythm, cell action potential and Ca2+ current has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of diacetylmorphine on action potential and calcium current of isolated cardiomyocytes from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Five concentrations of diacetylmorphine (0, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 mol/L) and 20 mol/L verapamil were used to treat the cardiomyocytes of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into control group, diacetylmorphine group, diacetylmorphine+verapamil group. The latter two groups were treated with diacetylmorphine and diacetylmorphine+verapamil (20 μmol/L), respectively, while the control group was treated with the same amount of PBS. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University on May 21, 2018 with approval No. IACUC201805-K1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 24 hours of culture with different concentrations of diacetylmorphine, the number of cardiomyocytes with abnormal morphology increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. When the concentration of diacetylmorphine increased, the number of survived cells decreased, with a reduction in the size of cytoplasm and number of pseudopods, the cell membrane was shrunk and the nuclear structure was blurred. Compared with the control group, when diacetylmorphine was added to intervene with the cardiomyocytes, there was a significant difference in the spontaneous beating frequency and rhythm of cardiomyocytes. The negative value of resting membrane potential decreased, while the time course of action potential increased significantly, and the amplitude of action potential decreased significantly. Compared with the control group, the number of cells with changes in the membrane potential significantly increased in the diacetylmorphine group. The addition of verapamil reduced the number of cells with changes in the membrane potential. Compared with the control group, the number of cells with variation of membrane potential was increased to some extents. These findings suggest that diacetylmorphine can induce cardiomyocyte morphological abnormality, increase the spontaneous beating frequency and rhythm of cardiomyocytes, and change the membrane potential and action potential of cardiomyocytes. Verapamil acts as a calcium channel blocker that can improve the rhythm abnormality of cardiomyocytes induced by diacetylmorphine.
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Objective: To explore the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in treatment of microcirculatory disturbance based on network pharmacology. Methods: The targets of S. miltiorrhiza’s active components for treatment of microcirculatory disturbance were screened and predicted by utilizing TCMSP, PubChem Search, Genecards database and Swiss target prediction online tool. Cytoscape 3.3.0 software was adopted to construct an active component-microcirculatory disturbance target network. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by using STRING database. DAVID database was used to analyze metabolism pathway in target gene ontology (GO) biological process, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes (KEGG). Results: Totally 65 active components of S. miltiorrhiza and nine related targets were screened. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that active components of S. miltiorrhiza participated in oxidation-reduction process, cellular calcium ion homeostasis and other biological processes, and S. miltiorrhiza may regulate VEGF signaling pathway, cholinergic synapse signal transduction, oxytocin signaling pathway, aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption pathway and so on. Conclusion: This study reflects the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways of S. miltiorrhiza in the treatment of microcirculation disturbance, which may provide new ideas and methodology for further research on the treatment of microcirculatory disturbance using S. miltiorrhiza.
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Objective@#To research the auditory nerve transduction effects under multi-wavelength pulsed laser stimulations within a safe and acceptable signal range.@*Methods@#The real-time detection of intracellular calcium concentration was adopted by specific fluorescent indicator staining based on calcium imager. The spiral ganglion cells of mice were cultured in vitro. After fluorescent indicating, morphologic observation under optical microscope, Fura-2 calcium ion fluorescence excitation, intact morphology cells selection, fixing the optical fiber, the spiral ganglion cells were irradiated by different wavelength laser, including visible light (450 nm) and near infrared light (808 nm,1 065 nm). The intracellular calcium concentration was monitored by calcium ion imaging.@*Results@#When 450 nm laser stimulated spiral ganglion cells, the intracellular calcium concentration was strongly increased, however, for other wavelength laser stimulation, there was no obvious relative response. And the sensitivity expression of the nerve cells under laser was related with the location of laser fiber. Cells closer to the fiber produced more obvious changes in calcium ion concentration, while for cells farther away from the fiber, the change amplitudes were weaker although the number of changes in calcium ion concentration was consistent.@*Conclusion@#The spiral ganglion cells of mice can induce a signal transduction response under the action of laser, and the response has laser wavelength selectivity.
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Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) , a Ca2+ transducer in ER that activates the store-operated calcium channel.Through Orai1 protein, STIM1 adjusts the intracellular and extracellular calcium concentration.This way is called a store-operated Ca2+ entry.STIM1 plays a key role in phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells, proliferation of endothelial cells, myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis to regulate lots of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure and systemic hypertension.STIM1 is closely related to cardiovascular diseases through calcium signal.The research progress of STIM1 in cardiovascular diseases is mainly discussed in this article.
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Objective: To study the protective effect of Huayu Qutan decoction on vascular dementia (VD) gerbils and to explore whether its mechanism is related to Calcium ion-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ)/cyclic adenosine effect element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. Method: Forty healthy gerbils were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low, medium and high dose groups (5.35, 10.7, 21.4 g·kg-1) of removing blood stasis and expelling phlegm. Eight gerbils in each group were divided into model group and removing blood stasis and expelling phlegm group. Gerbils were given corresponding drugs twice a day after operation. Water maze experiment was conducted 21 days later to investigate the spatial learning and memory ability of gerbils. The expression of p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ, p-CREB/CREB and BDNF in the hippocampus of gerbils were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Result: Compared with sham operation group, the incubation period and the number of platform trips of gerbil in the model group were significantly reduced, p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ, p-CREB/CREB, and BDNF protein expression were significantly reduced (PPPConclusion: Huayu Qutan decoction improves the learning and memory abilities of gerbils with vascular dementia, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of CaMKⅡ/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of calcium ion(Ca~(2+))/calcineurin(CaN) signaling pathway in bisphenol A(BPA)-induced interleukin-6(IL-6) secretion in macrophages. METHODS: Raw 264.7 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group, activator group, BPA low-, medium-and high-dose groups and inhibitor group. The cells in control group were treated with 0.10% dimethyl sulfoxide. The activator group was treated with lipopolysaccharide at mass concentration of 2 mg/L. The 3 BPA groups were treated with BPA at final concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 μmol/L. Two sets of verapamil or tacrolimus(FK506) groups were given verapamil at the final concentration of 10 or 30 μmol/L; or final concentration of FK506 at 250 or 500 nmol/L. Then the cells were treated with final concentration of 100 μmol/L BPA. The cells were collected at 4, 12, and 24 hours. The mRNA expression of IL-6 and CaN at 4 and 12 hours were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relative expression of IL-6 and CaN protein was detected at 24 hours by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the intracellular Ca~(2+) level was detected at 4 hours using a single-tube multi-function detector. RESULTS: At 12 hours, the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the 100 μmol/L BPA group was higher than that in control group, activator group and the 1 and 10 μmol/L BPA groups(P<0.05), and higher than that in the 10 and 30 μmol/L verapamil groups, and in the 250 and 500 nmol/L FK506 groups(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of CaN in the 100 μmol/L BPA group was higher than that in control group, activator group and 1 and 10 μmol/L BPA groups(P<0.05), and higher than in 10 and 30 μmol/L verapamil groups(P<0.05). The relative expression of IL-6 protein in the 100 μmol/L BPA group was higher than that in control group, activator group and 1 and 10 μmol/L BPA groups(P<0.05). The relative expression of CaN protein in 100 μmol/L BPA group and 10 and 30 μmol/L verapamil groups were higher than that in control group and activator group(P<0.05). The relative expression of CaN protein in the 10 and 30 μmol/L verapamil groups were lower than that in the 100 μmol/L BPA group(P<0.05). The intracellular Ca~(2+) level in the 100 μmol/L BPA group was higher than that in control group and activator group(P<0.05). The intracellular Ca~(2+) level in the 10 μmol/L verapamil group was lower than that in the 100 μmol/L BPA group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BPA might promote the secretion of IL-6 through Ca~(2+)/CaN signaling pathway in macrophages.
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@#Objective To analyze the physiologically active substances, named amino acid neurotransmitters, ATP and Ca2+ in rat spinal synaptosomes. Methods The spinal synaptosome was extracted by discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation from a female Sprague-Dawley rat. The amino acid neurotransmitters were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, ATP content, Na+-K+-ATPase activity, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity and total ATPase activity with ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and Ca2+ concentration with fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results The amino acid neurotransmitters contained mainly aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and r-aminobutyric acid. The concentration of ATP was about 414.7461 μmol/mg, total ATPase activity > Na+-K+-ATPase activity > Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPasese activity. The concentration of Ca2+ could be calculated from absorbancy directly. Conclusion The rat spinal synaptosome contains a variety of physiologically active substances, which can be accurately analyzed to explore their activities.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca²⁺) on the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblasts and explore the proper concentration and correlation mechanism.@*METHODS@#A series of Ca²⁺ solutions with different concentrations was prepared. Osteoblast migration was assessed by Transwell assay, and proliferation was studied via the CCK-8 colorimetric assay. The mRNA expression of osteogenic genes was examined via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the mineralized nodule was examined by alizarin red-S method. After calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) antagonism, Ca²⁺-induced migration and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the migration experiment, 2, 4, and 6 mmol·L⁻¹ Ca²⁺ could promoted osteoblast migration at three timepoints (8, 16, and 24 h), whereas 10 mmol·L⁻¹ Ca²⁺ considerably inhibited migration at 8 h. The Ca²⁺ concentration range of 2-10 mmol·L⁻¹ could promote proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of human osteoblasts. Moreover, mineralization was predominantly induced by 8 and 10 mmol·L⁻¹ Ca²⁺. CaSR antagonism could reduce Ca²⁺-induced migration and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblasts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Low Ca²⁺ concentration favored osteoblast migration, whereas high Ca²⁺ concentration favored osteogenic differentiation. The Ca²⁺ concentrations of 4 and 6 mmol·L⁻¹ could substantially induce osteoblast migration and osteogenic differentiation, and the Ca²⁺-CaSR pathway participated in signal transduction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcium , Physiology , Cell Differentiation , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Osteoblasts , Osteogenesis , Physiology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
@#Time series model was developed to investigate the effect and contributions of related biomarkers on the cerebral endothelial dysfunction induced by beta amyloid(Aβ). HCMEC/D3 was incubated with 2. 5 μmol/L Aβ for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 h, and biomarkers including cytosolic calcium ion, mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and cell viability were determined. Time series model was established to assess the dynamic relationship between the related biomarkers and cell viability and the contribution of different biomarkers to cell damage. Impulse response analysis indicated that after a positive impact on cytosolic calcium ion, cell viability decreased and this impact continued to decline; after a positive impact on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and mitochondrial membrane potential, cell viability increases, which increased rapidly in the early stage, and the rate decreased in later stage. The result of variance decomposition showed that the cytosolic calcium ion played a major role in cerebral endothelial dysfunction induced by Aβ. Combined with the model study, it is concluded that the intervention on the level of cytosolic calcium ion at the early stage may be the possible way to slow the disease progression.
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Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of cistanche deserticola ethanol extraction (CDE) in the rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:A total of 72 female SD rats were randomly divided into control,model,estradiol (0.3 g · kg-1),low,middle and high doses (0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg · kg-1) of CDE groups,and 12 rats in each group.The rat ovaries were removed by operation in the other groups to establish the osteoporosis models,while the same size of fat of the rats in control group was excised.5 d later,the rats in estradiol group were hypodermicly injected with estradiol,and the rats in CDE groups were orally administrated with corresponding doses of CDE.The same volume of diluted water was given to the rats in control and model groups.After 20 weeks,the density of right femur of the rat was detected with the method of ratio of weight and size;the mechanics index of left femur of the rat was analyzed by bone granulometer;the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were measured by ELISA;the levels of serum Ca2+ and P were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;the morphology of uterus tissue was observed by HE staining.Results:Compared with model group,the densities of right thighbone of the rats in estradiol group and low,middle and high doses of CDE groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);there were no differences between low,middle and high doses of CDE groups (P＞0.05).Compared with model group and low dose of CDE group,the maximum bending forces,the maximun strains,and the bone rigid coefficients in middle and high doses of CDE groups were remarkably increased (P＜ 0.05),while the levels of ALP were decreased (P＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,and low and middle doses of CDE groups,the level of osteocalcin in high dose of CDE group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with model group,the levels of Ca2+ in serum of the rats in low,middle and high doses of CDE groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05);there were no significant differences between low,middle and high doses of CDE groups (P＞0.05).Compared with model group,the morphology of uterus tissue of the rats in low,middle and high doses of CDE groups was improved at different degrees.Conclusion:CDE has therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through increasing the levels of serum ALP,osteocalcin and Ca2+ of the rats.
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Orthostatic intolerance(OI)is the most common type of neurally mediated syncope in children. At present,the pathogenesis of OI in children is not yet clear,but in recent years,studies have found that the deficiency or lack of calcium,vitamin D are correlated with OI. Calcium ion is a second messenger that participates in the process of intercelluar communication. It has a wide range of biological effects in many tissues and cells in the body. Calcium ion plays an important role in children′s OI and other cardiovascular diseases. Calcium,vitamin D deficiency or abnormality of channel protein kinase may influence the occurrence and outcome of OI by influencing the activation of cardiac mus-cle cells,vascular endothelial cells and platelet. In this paper,the relationship between calcium,vitamin D and OI and its possible mechanism of action are discussed.
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Objective To observe the effect of KN93, a CaMK Ⅱ inhibitor, on delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) and calcium ion in ventricular myocytes of rabbits with heart failure, and to investigate the effect of CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway on trigged arrhythmia after heart failure. Methods Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits were randomized(random number) into the sham operated group (sham group), heart failure group (HF group) and heart failure with KN93 group (HF+KN93 group) (n=10 each group). The rabbit heart failure model was established by abdominal aortic constriction combined with aortic valve regurgitation. The ventricular myocytes were isolated by double enzyme digestion. The action potential and the transient inward current (Iti) were recorded by the whole-cell patch-clamp. The intracellular calcium transient was measured by the ion concentration measurement system. The main calcium transporter protein was detected by Western blotting. Data were analyzed by pCLAMP10.2. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. Comparisons among groups were conducted using ANOVA, and SNK-q multiple comparison procedure was utilized for post-hoc analysis.Results (1) After induction of heart failure, DAD and increment of trigger activity (TA) were observedin rabbit ventricular myocytes. Treatment of KN93 with 1.0 μmol/L reduced the events of DAD and TA.(2) After induction of heart failure, Iti densities were increased from -0.12±0.02 pA/pF to -0.95±0.06pA/pF at the polarization potential of -50 mV (n=10, P<0.01). The current densities were reduced to -0.44±0.04 pA/pF after application of 1.0 μmol/L of KN93 (n=10, P<0.01). (3) KN93 led to decrementof intracellular calcium ion concentration and calcium transient amplitude, and acceleration of the decayprocess of calcium transient. (4) KN93 upregulated the expression of pPLN and SERCA2a, increased the uptake of intracellular calcium ion, downregulated the expression of NCX, decreased the Iti, and reduced the occurrence of DAD and TA. Conclusions KN93 can reduce the intracellular calcium ion concentration of the heart failure animal model, and the occurrence of the DAD and TA. CaMK Ⅱ may be a new therapeutic target for arrhythmias in the heart failure.
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Objective: To observe the influence of TRPV6 gene silence on SW480 colon cancer cell biological behavior, change in the in-tracellular concentration of calcium, as well as influence of 1,25 (OH)2D3CaCl2and CuCl2on SD rat colonic neoplasm models. Method: SW480 colon cancer cells were infected using lentivirus particles. TRPV6 protein and mRNA expression was detected using immunohistochemical tests, Western blot, and PCR. Moreover, the proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis of SW480 colon cancer cells were detected through MTT assay and metastasis and apoptosis experiments, and the concentration of Ca2+in SW480 colon cancer cells was measured using high-speed ionic imaging. The SD rat colon cancer model was established based on DMH, and were assigned into experimental group (DMH group, 15) and intervention group (DMH+1,25 (OH)2D3group, DMH+CuCl2group) and control group, 10 in each group. The SD rat colon cancer model is established based on DMH, given 1,25(OH)2D3(37.5 nmol/kg) and CuCl2(375 μmol/kg) separately as intervention. The occurrence of colonic neoplasms and glandular cancers in each group of rats was observed, and Western blot was employed for detection of the TRPV6 protein expression. Results: After the transfection of SW480 colon cancer cells by TRPV6-RNAi, the expression of TRPV6 mRNA and protein decreased, intracellular concentration of Ca2+decreased, proliferation and metastasis rate of SW480 colon cancer cells decreased, and apoptosis rate of these cells increased. The differences between the groups with intervention and the blank control group and negative control group showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The colon cancer occurrence rate in the control group was 0, while that of the DMH+1,25 (OH)2D3 group, DMH group, and DMH+CuCl2were 100%, 84.62%, and 33.33%, respectively. The TRPV6 protein expression was detected in all groups, while DMH+1,25(OH)2D3group was observed to exhibit the highest level of expression, followed by the DMH group, DMH+CuCl2group, and control group. The differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions: The proliferation and metastasis of SW480 colon cancer cells can be prohibited by lowering the concentration of Ca2+in the cells. Thus, the apoptosis of the cells can be induced. 1,25 (OH)2D3can help improve the expression of TRPV6 protein in experimental rat colon tissues and promote the formation of colon neoplasms. CuCl2can help lower the expression of TRPV6 protein in experimental rat colon tissues and prevent the formation of colon neoplasms.
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Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric Ca2+ release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This review attempts to detail the key mechanism of RyR channel gating and to discuss the hypothesis that skeletal muscle fatigue, defined as reduced force production, would result from functional changes in both individual RyR channel opening and coupling among RyR channels. Previous studies have shown that RyR channels in skeletal muscle open simultaneously, called coupled gating, because of physical interaction among channels. In this review, mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue are discussed with consideration of the coupling effect. Fatigue mechanisms are thought to be different between acute exercise and long-term exercise training. The impairments in individual channel opening and coupling between RyR channels can occur after acute exercise, leading to decreased SR Ca2+ release and force depression. On the contrary, during long-term exercise training, individual channel opening would be enhanced but coupling between channels would be impaired. If this were to continue for long periods, SR Ca2+ content would reduce, leading to less Ca2+ release and lower force production.
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Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of cistanche deserticola ethanol extraction (CDE) in the rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: A total of 72 female SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, estradiol (0. 3 g · kg-1), low, middle and high doses (0. 5, 1.0 and 2. 0 mg · kg-1) of CDE groups, and 12 rats in each group. The rat ovaries were removed by operation in the other groups to establish the osteoporosis models, while the same size of fat of the rats in control group was excised. 5 d later, the rats in estradiol group were hypodermicly injected with estradiol, and the rats in CDE groups were orally administrated with corresponding doses of CDE. The same volume of diluted water was given to the rats in control and model groups. After 20 weeks, the density of right femur of the rat was detected with the method of ratio of weight and size; the mechanics index of left femur of the rat was analyzed by bone granulometer; the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were measured by ELISA; the levels of serum Ca2 and P were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer; the morphology of uterus tissue was observed by HE staining. Results: Compared with model group, the densities of right thighbone of the rats in estradiol group and low, middle and high doses of CDE groups were significantly increased (P0. 05). Compared with model group and low dose of CDE group, the maximum bending forces, the maximun strains, and the bone rigid coefficients in middle and high doses of CDE groups were remarkably increased (P0. 05). Compared with model group, the morphology of uterus tissue of the rats in low, middle and high doses of CDE groups was improved at different degrees. Conclusion: CDE has therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through increasing the levels of serum ALP, osteocalcin and Ca' of the rats.